Iyini i-NAD + futhi Kungani Ibaluleke Kangaka Ngempilo Nokuphila Kade?

I-NAD⁺ (I-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) iyi-coenzyme ebalulekile ekhona cishe kuwo wonke amangqamuzana aphilayo, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-molecule eyinhloko yobungqabavu bamaselula.” Isebenza izindima eziningi emzimbeni womuntu, isebenza njengesithwali samandla, umgcini wokuzinza kwezakhi zofuzo, kanye nomvikeli wokusebenza kwamaselula, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo nokubambezeleka ukuguga.

Ku-energy metabolism, i-NAD⁺ isiza ukuguqulwa kokudla kube amandla asebenzisekayo. Lapho ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, namaprotheni ephulwa ngaphakathi kwamaseli, i-NAD⁺ isebenza njengesithwali se-electron, idlulisela amandla ku-mitochondria ukushayela ukukhiqizwa kwe-ATP. I-ATP isebenza “njengamafutha” emisebenzi yamaselula, inika amandla zonke izici zempilo. Ngaphandle kwe-NAD⁺ eyanele, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla eselula kuyehla, okuholela ekwehleni kokuqina namandla okusebenza kwawo wonke.

Ngale kwe-energy metabolism, i-NAD⁺ idlala indima ebalulekile ekulungiseni i-DNA nasekuzinzeni kwe-genomic. Amaseli ahlala evezwa ekulimaleni kwe-DNA okuvela ezintweni ezizungezile kanye nemikhiqizo ye-metabolic, futhi i-NAD⁺ yenza kusebenze ama-enzyme okulungisa ukuze alungise lawa maphutha. Iphinde isebenze ama-sirtuin, umndeni wamaprotheni ahlotshaniswa nokuphila isikhathi eside, umsebenzi we-mitochondrial, kanye nebhalansi ye-metabolic. Ngakho-ke, i-NAD⁺ ayibalulekile nje kuphela ekugcineni impilo kodwa futhi igxile kakhulu ocwaningweni lokulwa nokuguga.

I-NAD⁺ ibalulekile futhi ekuphenduleni ingcindezi yeselula kanye nokuvikela isimiso sezinzwa. Ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative noma ukuvuvukala, i-NAD⁺ isiza ukulawula ukusayinda kwamaselula kanye nebhalansi ye-ion ukuze kugcinwe i-homeostasis. Ohlelweni lwezinzwa, isekela impilo ye-mitochondrial, inciphisa ukulimala kwe-oxidative kuma-neurons, futhi isiza ukubambezela ukuqala nokuqhubeka kwezifo ze-neurodegenerative.

Nokho, amazinga e-NAD⁺ ngokwemvelo ehla ngokuya ngeminyaka. Lokhu kuncipha kuhlotshaniswa nokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA ekhubazekile, ukwanda kokuvuvukala, nokuncipha kokusebenza kwezinzwa, konke okuyizimpawu zokuguga nesifo esingamahlalakhona. Ukugcina noma ukukhulisa amazinga e-NAD⁺ manje sekugxilwe kakhulu ekuphathweni kwezempilo kwesimanje kanye nocwaningo lwempilo ende. Ososayensi bahlola ukwesekwa ngama-NAD⁺ precursors afana ne-NMN noma i-NR, kanye nokungenelela kwendlela yokuphila, ukuze kugcinwe amazinga e-NAD⁺, ukuthuthukisa amandla, nokukhuthaza impilo yonke.